{"id":1755,"date":"2022-10-04T11:25:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T09:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/?page_id=1755"},"modified":"2025-07-31T10:18:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T08:18:54","slug":"texts-and-documents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/databases\/texts-and-documents\/","title":{"rendered":"Texts and documents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This section provides a selection of literary, epigraphic, papyrological, and numismatic sources related to citizenship in the Greek world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can browse texts and documents by category.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-categories-dropdown wp-block-categories\"><label class=\"screen-reader-text\" for=\"wp-block-categories-1\">Categories<\/label><select  name='cat' id='wp-block-categories-1' class='postform'>\n\t<option value='-1'>Select Category<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"217\">Conference&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"218\">Date&nbsp;&nbsp;(39)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"219\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;149-100 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"221\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;199-150 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"222\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;249-200 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"225\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;299-250 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"226\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;349-300 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(7)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"229\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;399-350 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"233\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;400-450 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(8)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"230\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;449-400 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(9)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"231\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;499-300 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"232\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;499-400 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"234\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;549-500 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"235\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;599-550 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"239\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;699-650 BCE&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"251\">Lecture&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"246\">Source&nbsp;&nbsp;(39)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"248\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Epigraphic source&nbsp;&nbsp;(19)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"247\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Literary source&nbsp;&nbsp;(20)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"9\">Subject areas&nbsp;&nbsp;(39)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"192\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Athenian citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(16)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"191\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;business partnerships&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"207\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizens registers&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"194\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizenship and democracy&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"196\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizenship and federal states&nbsp;&nbsp;(8)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"195\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizenship and work&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"216\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizenship controls&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"205\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;citizenship legislation&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"202\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;civic groups&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"257\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cultic provisions&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"256\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decree&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"255\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;deme decree&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"193\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dual citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"199\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;granting of citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(9)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"201\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;honorific decree&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"215\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;land and citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"212\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;land redistributions&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"206\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lexicon on citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(11)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"208\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;non-citizens&nbsp;&nbsp;(11)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"254\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;public offices&nbsp;&nbsp;(12)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-2\" value=\"258\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;honorific decree&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-1\" value=\"204\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;religious institutions and citizenship&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)<\/option>\n\t<option class=\"level-0\" value=\"253\">Training activities&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)<\/option>\n<\/select><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\t\n\t( function() {\n\t\tvar dropdown = document.getElementById( 'wp-block-categories-1' );\n\t\tfunction onCatChange() {\n\t\t\tif ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tlocation.href = \"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/\/?cat=\" + dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\tdropdown.onchange = onCatChange;\n\t})();\n\t\n\t\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"article__list\"><article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2160\" class=\"post-2160 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-literary-source category-non-citizens tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-metics-en tag-non-citizens-en tag-slaves-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Literary source, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/06\/10\/xenophon-ath-10-12-difficolta-di-distinguere-cittadini-e-non-cittadini-ad-atene-anni-20-del-v-sec-a-c\/\">[Xenophon], Ath. 10-12. The difficulty of distinguishing citizens from non-citizens in Athens (years 20s of the 5th century BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>This text comes from a pamphlet that was erroneously attributed to Xenophon in the manuscript tradition. Its anonymous author strongly disapproves of Athenian democracy. However, he explains to a fictitious...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/06\/10\/xenophon-ath-10-12-difficolta-di-distinguere-cittadini-e-non-cittadini-ad-atene-anni-20-del-v-sec-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2301\" class=\"post-2301 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-literary-source tag-citizenship-and-language-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Athenian citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/07\/16\/xen-ath-pol-2-8-il-cittadino-e-la-lingua-seconda-meta-del-v-secolo-a-c\/\">[Xenophon],\u00a0Ath. 2.8. The Citizen and Language \u2013 second half of the 5th century BC<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>This well-known passage from the Constitution of the Athenians attributed to pseudo-Xenophon addresses the theme of the Athenians\u2019 linguistic identity. The anonymous author articulates what appears to be a critique...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/07\/16\/xen-ath-pol-2-8-il-cittadino-e-la-lingua-seconda-meta-del-v-secolo-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2313\" class=\"post-2313 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-literary-source tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, Athenian citizenship, lexicon on citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/31\/aesch-eum-487-488-690-693-696-698-707-708-804-807-ed-page-i-cittadini-lareopago-e-le-leggi-460-a-c-ca\/\">Aeschylus, Eumenides 487\u2013488, 690\u2013693, 696\u2013698, 707\u2013708, 804\u2013807 (ed. Page).The Citizens, the Areopagus, and the Laws (c. 460 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>At vv. 690\u2013692 of the Eumenides, Athena speaks of the reverence and fear that the Areopagus would henceforth inspire in the astoi, but immediately afterwards (v. 693) the goddess clarifies...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/31\/aesch-eum-487-488-690-693-696-698-707-708-804-807-ed-page-i-cittadini-lareopago-e-le-leggi-460-a-c-ca\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2307\" class=\"post-2307 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-499-400-bce category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-literary-source category-non-citizens tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-metics-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            499-400 BCE, lexicon on citizenship, Literary source, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/27\/aristoph-pax-292-299-ed-wilson-lys-574-584-ed-perusino-metoikos-xenos-e-astos-in-due-commedie-di-aristofane-421-a-c-412-411-a-c\/\">Aristoph. Pax 292\u2013299 (ed. Wilson); Lys. 574\u2013584 (ed. Perusino) \u2013 Metoikos, xenos, and astos in Two Comedies of Aristophanes (421 BCE; 412\/411 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The two comedies considered here allow us to address the long-standing question regarding the position of the metoikoi within the spectrum of Athenian citizenship\u2014namely, whether they were conceptually associated by...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/27\/aristoph-pax-292-299-ed-wilson-lys-574-584-ed-perusino-metoikos-xenos-e-astos-in-due-commedie-di-aristofane-421-a-c-412-411-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2322\" class=\"post-2322 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-literary-source tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-en tag-women-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Athenian citizenship, lexicon on citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/30\/aristoph-lys-335-343-1043-1053-ed-perusino-i-cittadini-e-le-donne-411-a-c\/\">Aristophanes, Lys. 335-343, 1043-1053 (ed. Perusino). Citizens and women (411 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>At vv. 335\u2013343 of the Lysistrata, the semicorps of old women reports having heard that the old men (comprising the other semicorps) were planning to set fire to the entrance...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/30\/aristoph-lys-335-343-1043-1053-ed-perusino-i-cittadini-e-le-donne-411-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2083\" class=\"post-2083 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-299-250-bce category-citizens-registers category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-citizenship-controls category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree tag-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-in-the-greek-world-en tag-civic-honours-en tag-honours-for-foreigners-en tag-metics-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            299-250 BCE, citizens registers, citizenship and federal states, citizenship controls, Epigraphic source, honorific decree                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/01\/29\/bch-2017-decreto-onorario-per-i-meteci-che-combatterono-per-akraiphia-e-catalogo-degli-onorati-inizio-del-iii-secolo-a-c\/\">BCH 2017. Honorary Decree for the Metics who Fought for Akraiphia and Catalogue of the Recipients (early 3rd century BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Our understanding of the tumultuous relationship between the Boeotian koinon and Demetrius Poliorcetes, as documented in literary sources (Plut. Demetr. 39-40; D.S. 21, fr. 25-27; Polyaen. 3.7.2 and 4.7.11), has...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/01\/29\/bch-2017-decreto-onorario-per-i-meteci-che-combatterono-per-akraiphia-e-catalogo-degli-onorati-inizio-del-iii-secolo-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2214\" class=\"post-2214 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-decree category-epigraphic-source category-non-citizens tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-metics-en tag-non-citizens-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Athenian citizenship, decree, Epigraphic source, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/07\/03\/cgrn-43-ig-i3-82-aio-1304-decreto-concernente-le-feste-in-onore-di-efesto-421-0-a-c\/\">CGRN 43 (IG\u00a0I3\u00a082; AIO 1304). Decree concerning the festival of Hephaistos (421\/0 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>This fragmentary stele contains a decree approved by the Athenian Council and the People making provisions for the celebration of religious festivals, most likely the Hephaistia, honouring of the god...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/07\/03\/cgrn-43-ig-i3-82-aio-1304-decreto-concernente-le-feste-in-onore-di-efesto-421-0-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-1984\" class=\"post-1984 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-citizenship-controls category-citizenship-legislation category-granting-of-citizenship category-literary-source category-non-citizens category-public-offices tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-nautodikai-en tag-pericles-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Athenian citizenship, citizenship controls, citizenship legislation, granting of citizenship, Literary source, non-citizens, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/28\/craterus-fgrhist-342-f4a-b-nautodikai-440s-bce\/\">Craterus, FGrHist 342 F4a-b. Nautodikai (440s BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The fragment of Craterus the Macedonian is part of a decree issued in Athens following Pericles\u2019 citizenship law of 451\/0\u202fBC. It concerns the registration of citizens in the phratries and...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/28\/craterus-fgrhist-342-f4a-b-nautodikai-440s-bce\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2168\" class=\"post-2168 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-349-300-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-citizenship-legislation category-literary-source category-religious-institutions-and-citizenship tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-betrothal-en tag-citizenship-en tag-wedding-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            349-300 BCE, Athenian citizenship, citizenship legislation, Literary source, religious institutions and citizenship                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/05\/08\/demosth-57-41-57-54-prove-di-cittadinanza-nella-contro-eubulide-la-funzione-dellengye-e-della-testimonianza-orale-345-a-c\/\">Demosthenes 57.41; 57.54. Citizenship Evidence in Against Eubulides: The Role of the Engye and Oral Testimony (345 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The speech Against Eubulides (Demosth. 57) is a crucial source for understanding how civic identity was defined and contested in Athens during the second half of the 4th century BCE....<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/05\/08\/demosth-57-41-57-54-prove-di-cittadinanza-nella-contro-eubulide-la-funzione-dellengye-e-della-testimonianza-orale-345-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2098\" class=\"post-2098 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-449-400-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-literary-source category-non-citizens tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-exiles-en tag-foreigners-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            449-400 BCE, Athenian citizenship, lexicon on citizenship, Literary source, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/28\/euripides-heracl-181-200-esilio-come-perdita-della-cittadinanza-430-a-c\/\">Euripides, Heracl. 181-200. Exile as Loss of Citizenship (430 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>When Euripides premiered the Heracleidai, likely in 430 BC, the Peloponnesian invasion of Attica had already occurred. The Athenian audience had witnessed firsthand a Peloponnesian army follow the same path...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/28\/euripides-heracl-181-200-esilio-come-perdita-della-cittadinanza-430-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2316\" class=\"post-2316 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-699-650-bce category-epigraphic-source category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-public-offices tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-citizenship-en tag-laws-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            699-650 BCE, Epigraphic source, lexicon on citizenship, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/02\/09\/gagarin-perlman-dr1-nomima-i-81-legge-di-dreros-sul-divieto-di-reiterazione-della-carica-di-kosmos-prima-di-dieci-anni-meta-vii-secolo-a-c-ca\/\">Gagarin \u2013 Perlman Dr1 (Nomima I, 81). Law of Dreros on the prohibition of holding the office of kosmos more than once within ten years (mid-7th century BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The inscription contains, in boustrophedon script, the text of an ancient law from the small Cretan city of Dreros, dating to the mid-7th century BCE. Although the syntactic structure leaves...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/02\/09\/gagarin-perlman-dr1-nomima-i-81-legge-di-dreros-sul-divieto-di-reiterazione-della-carica-di-kosmos-prima-di-dieci-anni-meta-vii-secolo-a-c-ca\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2325\" class=\"post-2325 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-epigraphic-source category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-public-offices tag-citizenship-en tag-laws-en tag-oath-en tag-witnesses-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, Epigraphic source, lexicon on citizenship, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/27\/gagarin-perlman-g-51-icret-iv-51-nomima-ii-13-giuramento-dei-testimoni-a-gortina-500-450-a-c\/\">Gagarin \u2013 Perlman G51 (I.Cret. IV 51; Nomima II, 13)Oath of Witnesses at Gortyn (500\u2013450 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Although highly fragmentary, the inscription nevertheless allows for a broad reconstruction\u2014albeit with several uncertainties\u2014of the law\u2019s contents. It appears to regulate the procedure to be followed for the swearing of...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/27\/gagarin-perlman-g-51-icret-iv-51-nomima-ii-13-giuramento-dei-testimoni-a-gortina-500-450-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2106\" class=\"post-2106 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-499-300-bce category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-literary-source category-public-offices tag-ancient-federalism-en tag-federal-offices tag-greek-federal-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            499-300 BCE, citizenship and federal states, Literary source, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/26\/hell-ox-16-2-3-mckechnie-kern-organizzazione-della-lega-beotica-tra-446-e-387-a-c\/\">Hell.Oxy. 16.2-3 (McKechnie-Kern). Organisation of the Boiotian League (between 446 and 387 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The conflict between the Lokrians and Phokians, which was at the origin of the stalemate in the Corinth War (395-387 BC), gives the author of the Hellenika Oxyrhynchia the opportunity...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/26\/hell-ox-16-2-3-mckechnie-kern-organizzazione-della-lega-beotica-tra-446-e-387-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2207\" class=\"post-2207 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-granting-of-citizenship category-literary-source tag-ancient-sicily-en tag-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-gela-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, granting of citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/07\/13\/herodotus-7-156-gelons-grants-of-citizenship\/\">Herodotus 7, 156. Gelon&#8217;s Grants of Citizenship<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Before the meeting between the Greek ambassadors and Gelon, which aimed to convince Syracuse to support the Greek contingent against the Persians, Herodotus dedicates a brief digression to Gelon. He,...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/07\/13\/herodotus-7-156-gelons-grants-of-citizenship\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2148\" class=\"post-2148 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-granting-of-citizenship category-literary-source tag-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-slaves-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, granting of citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/07\/13\/herodotus-8-75-temistocle-e-la-cittadinanza-tespiese-a-sicinno\/\">Herodotus 8.75. Themistocles and the Granting of Thespian Citizenship to Sicinnus<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Shortly before the decisive battle of Salamis (480 BC), the Hellenic army was in danger of falling apart: the conquest and burning of Athens by the Persians had, in fact,...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/07\/13\/herodotus-8-75-temistocle-e-la-cittadinanza-tespiese-a-sicinno\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2195\" class=\"post-2195 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-granting-of-citizenship category-literary-source tag-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-sparta-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, granting of citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/25\/herodotus-ix-33-35-the-granting-of-spartan-citizenship-to-tisamenus-of-elea-ca-480-bc\/\">Herodotus IX, 33-35. The granting of Spartan citizenship to Tisamenus of Elea (ca. 480 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>This is the first attestation of the term politeia and, rather unexpectedly, it concerns Sparta, one of the most strict cities, at least in the classical age, in the delimitation...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/25\/herodotus-ix-33-35-the-granting-of-spartan-citizenship-to-tisamenus-of-elea-ca-480-bc\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2310\" class=\"post-2310 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-epigraphic-source category-lexicon-on-citizenship tag-age-class-system-en tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-citizenship-en tag-laws-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, Epigraphic source, lexicon on citizenship                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/02\/09\/icret-iv-72-coll-i-ll-39-44-iii-ll-17-22-v-ll-44-54-vi-ll-31-36-vii-ll-41-47-il-%ce%b4%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%8d%cf%82-gortinio-450-a-c-ca\/\">ICret. IV 72, coll. I, ll. 39-44; III, ll. 17-22; V, ll. 44-54; VI, ll. 31-36; VII, ll. 41-47 \u2013 The dromeus in Gortyn (450 BCE ca.)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The term dromeus occurs five times in the Great Code of Gortyn. In three of these instances, it appears as a requirement for witnesses in the context of private disputes...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/02\/09\/icret-iv-72-coll-i-ll-39-44-iii-ll-17-22-v-ll-44-54-vi-ll-31-36-vii-ll-41-47-il-%ce%b4%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%8d%cf%82-gortinio-450-a-c-ca\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2172\" class=\"post-2172 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-599-550-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-epigraphic-source category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-non-citizens tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-in-the-greek-world-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            599-550 BCE, Athenian citizenship, Epigraphic source, lexicon on citizenship, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/02\/07\/ig-i3-1194bis-ig-i2-976-ceg-13-epitafio-di-tettichos-575-550-a-c-ca\/\">IG I3 1194bis (= IG I2 976 = CEG 13). Tettichos\u2019 monument (575-550 a. C. ca.)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The epitaph for Tettichos, dated between 575 and 550 BCE, represents the oldest surviving example of an Attic funerary epigram. Discovered in a private garden in Sepolia, near Athens, the...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2025\/02\/07\/ig-i3-1194bis-ig-i2-976-ceg-13-epitafio-di-tettichos-575-550-a-c-ca\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2217\" class=\"post-2217 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-400-450-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-cultic-provisions category-deme-decree category-epigraphic-source category-non-citizens tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-metics-en tag-non-citizens-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            400-450 BCE, Athenian citizenship, cultic provisions, deme decree, Epigraphic source, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/07\/03\/ig-i3-244-osborne-rhodes-ghi-107-disposizioni-sacrali-del-demo-di-skambonidai-475-450-a-c\/\">IG I\u00b3 244 (Osborne \u2013 Rhodes, GHI 107). Cult provisions of the deme Skambonidai (475-450 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Thick stele or post inscribed on three sides (A-C). Face C (see below) was so designated before being recognised as the front side, with which the whole document opens. Variously...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/07\/03\/ig-i3-244-osborne-rhodes-ghi-107-disposizioni-sacrali-del-demo-di-skambonidai-475-450-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2109\" class=\"post-2109 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-399-350 category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-citizenship-and-democracy category-epigraphic-source category-granting-of-citizenship category-honorific-decree-en tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-honours-for-foreigners-en tag-naturalization-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            399-350 BCE, Athenian citizenship, citizenship and democracy, Epigraphic source, granting of citizenship, honorific decree                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/23\/ig-ii2-17-d8-osborne-decreto-onorifico-per-sthorys-di-taso-394-3-a-c\/\">IG II\u00b2 17 (D8 Osborne). Honorary Decree for Sthorys of Thasos (394\/3 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The inscription, dated to 394\/3 BC, consists of two decrees, issued a short distance apart, in favour of Sthorys, a soothsayer from Thasos. The first decree, enacted by the council,...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/23\/ig-ii2-17-d8-osborne-decreto-onorifico-per-sthorys-di-taso-394-3-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2112\" class=\"post-2112 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-349-300-bce category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree-en category-non-citizens tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-exiles-en tag-foreigners-en tag-honours-for-foreigners-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            349-300 BCE, Epigraphic source, honorific decree, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/22\/ig-ii3-302-decreto-onorifico-per-dioskourides-di-abdera-e-i-suoi-fratelli-346-5-a-c\/\">IG II\u00b3 302. Honorary Decree for Dioskourides of Abdera and his Brothers (346\/5 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The entry of Philip II into the territory of Abdera (Demosth. 23.183; Polyaen. 4.2.22), variously dated between 355 and 347 BC, resulted in the expulsion of Athenian partisans. This honorary...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/22\/ig-ii3-302-decreto-onorifico-per-dioskourides-di-abdera-e-i-suoi-fratelli-346-5-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2164\" class=\"post-2164 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-349-300-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree-en category-non-citizens tag-enktesis-ges-kai-oikias-en tag-metics-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            349-300 BCE, Athenian citizenship, Epigraphic source, honorific decree, non-citizens                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/21\/ig-ii%c2%b3-352-rhodes-osborne-ghi-94-ig-ii%c2%b2-351-decreto-onorario-per-eudemos-di-platea-330-29-a-c\/\">IG II\u00b3 352 (Rhodes \u2013 Osborne, GHI 94; IG II\u00b2 351). Honorary decree for Eudemos of Plataia (330\/29 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The stele, which is preserved in its entirety, contains a decree passed by the Athenian people during the archonship of Aristophon (330\/29 BCE) in honor of a Plataian citizen, who...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/21\/ig-ii%c2%b3-352-rhodes-osborne-ghi-94-ig-ii%c2%b2-351-decreto-onorario-per-eudemos-di-platea-330-29-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2115\" class=\"post-2115 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-249-200-bce category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-epigraphic-source category-religious-institutions-and-citizenship tag-ancient-federalism-en tag-federal-offices tag-greek-federal-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            249-200 BCE, citizenship and federal states, Epigraphic source, religious institutions and citizenship                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/20\/ig-iv-1-2-73-moretti-nr-48-lista-di-nomographoi-da-epidauro-tra-210-e-207-6-a-c\/\">IG IV 1.2 73 (Moretti nr. 48). List of nomographoi from Epidaurus (between 210 and 207\/6 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>At Epidaurus, one of the inscriptions from the sanctuary of Asclepius contains a law of the Achaean confederation relating to the cult of Hygieia, the goddess of health, dating from...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/20\/ig-iv-1-2-73-moretti-nr-48-lista-di-nomographoi-da-epidauro-tra-210-e-207-6-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2118\" class=\"post-2118 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-399-350 category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree category-public-offices tag-ancient-federalism-en tag-citizenship-en tag-federal-offices tag-greek-federal-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            399-350 BCE, citizenship and federal states, Epigraphic source, honorific decree, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/19\/ig-v-2-1-decreto-onorifico-della-confederazione-arcadica-per-lateniese-filarco-369-363-a-c-2\/\">IG V 2 1. Decreto onorifico della Confederazione arcadica per l\u2019ateniese Phylarchos (369-363 a.C.)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>Iscrizione stoichedica da Tegea, ora perduta, composta da un decreto di prossenia e una lista, in tutta probabilit\u00e0 completa, di magistrati federali. Il documento deve essere successivo al sinecismo di...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/19\/ig-v-2-1-decreto-onorifico-della-confederazione-arcadica-per-lateniese-filarco-369-363-a-c-2\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2121\" class=\"post-2121 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-199-150-bce category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree category-public-offices tag-ancient-federalism-en tag-federal-offices tag-greek-federal-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            199-150 BCE, citizenship and federal states, Epigraphic source, honorific decree, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/18\/ig-vii-411-i-oropos-307-decreto-onorifico-da-oropo-per-hieron-di-aegeira-154-150-a-c\/\">IG VII 411 (I.Oropos 307). Honorary Decree from Oropos for Hieron of Aegeira (154-150 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>This is a decree from Oropos, dating from the mid-2nd century BC, in which the Oropians honour a benefactor, the Achaean Hieron, for pleading their cause during exile and helping...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/18\/ig-vii-411-i-oropos-307-decreto-onorifico-da-oropo-per-hieron-di-aegeira-154-150-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2095\" class=\"post-2095 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-349-300-bce category-citizens-registers category-citizenship-controls category-epigraphic-source category-honorific-decree tag-citizenship-en tag-citizenship-in-the-greek-world-en tag-civic-honours-en tag-honours-for-foreigners-en tag-naturalization-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            349-300 BCE, citizens registers, citizenship controls, Epigraphic source, honorific decree                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/28\/ig-xii-6-1-18-decreto-onorario-samio-per-batichos-di-cos-poco-dopo-il-322-a-c\/\">IG XII.6.1 18. Honorary Decree for Batichos of Cos (shortly after 322 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The honorary decree for Batichos, a benefactor originally from Cos, is part of a substantial collection of inscriptions that commemorate the period of exile for the Samians (referred to as...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/03\/28\/ig-xii-6-1-18-decreto-onorario-samio-per-batichos-di-cos-poco-dopo-il-322-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2319\" class=\"post-2319 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-549-500-bce category-epigraphic-source category-lexicon-on-citizenship category-public-offices tag-citizenship-en tag-civic-officials-en tag-interstate-treaties-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            549-500 BCE, Epigraphic source, lexicon on citizenship, public offices                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/17\/ivo-9-minon-i-dial-eleennes-10-symmachia-tra-elide-e-eua-500-a-c-ca\/\">IvO 9 (Minon, I.dial.\u00e9l\u00e9ennes 10). Symmachia between Elis and Eua (?) (ca. 500 BCE)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>The bronze tablet discovered at Olympia preserves the text of a century-long treaty of symmachia between the city of Elis and the otherwise unknown community of Eua, probably a small...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/17\/ivo-9-minon-i-dial-eleennes-10-symmachia-tra-elide-e-eua-500-a-c-ca\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2086\" class=\"post-2086 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-349-300-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-literary-source tag-ancestral-constitution-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            349-300 BCE, Athenian citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/12\/08\/plutarchus-demetr-8-5-10-1-demetrio-poliorcete-restaura-la-patrios-politeia-ad-atene-307-a-c\/\">Plutarchus, Demetr. 8.5, 10.1. Demetrius Poliorcetes Restores the Patrios Politeia in AthensDemetr. 8.5, 10.1<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>On the 26th of Targelion (early June of 307 BC), Demetrius Poliorcetes arrived at the port of Piraeus with a fleet of 250 ships. Plutarch describes his decision to sail...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2024\/12\/08\/plutarchus-demetr-8-5-10-1-demetrio-poliorcete-restaura-la-patrios-politeia-ad-atene-307-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2124\" class=\"post-2124 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-599-550-bce category-athenian-citizenship-2 category-citizenship-and-work category-citizenship-legislation category-granting-of-citizenship category-literary-source tag-ancient-greek-law-en tag-athenian-citizenship-en tag-foreigners-en tag-solon-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            599-550 BCE, Athenian citizenship, citizenship and work, citizenship legislation, granting of citizenship, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/14\/plutarchus-sol-24-4-legge-di-solone-sulla-naturalizzazione-degli-stranieri-594-3-a-c\/\">Plutarchus, Sol. 24.4. Solon&#8217;s Law on the Naturalisation of Foreigners (594\/3 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>In Philip Manville\u2019s influential model on Greek citizenship studies, Athenian citizenship emerged under Solon, evolved under tyranny, and became fully formalised under Clisthenes. The continuist approach to the study of...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/14\/plutarchus-sol-24-4-legge-di-solone-sulla-naturalizzazione-degli-stranieri-594-3-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article role=\"article\" id=\"post-2134\" class=\"post-2134 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-199-150-bce category-citizenship-and-federal-states category-literary-source tag-ancient-federalism-en tag-greek-federal-citizenship-en\">\n    <div class=\"article__inner\">\n                <div class=\"article__content\">\n\n                            <span class=\"article__type\">\n                                                            199-150 BCE, citizenship and federal states, Literary source                <\/span>\n            \n            \n                        <div class=\"article__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/13\/polybius-2-37-7-11-elogio-della-lega-achea-ca-150-a-c\/\">Polybius, 2.37.7-11. Eulogy of the Achaean League (c. 150 BC)<\/a><\/div>\n            <p>In one of the most renowned passages of Polybius&#8217; Histories, which celebrates the expansion of the Achaean league throughout the Peloponnese, the historian from Megalopolis praises the Achaean federal model...<\/p>\n            <a class=\"more__link\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/2023\/05\/13\/polybius-2-37-7-11-elogio-della-lega-achea-ca-150-a-c\/\" aria-label=\"Read more\">\n                Read more            <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div><div class=\"pagination\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t            <li><span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\">1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1755?inner_nav=2\">2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"next page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1755?inner_nav=2\">Next &raquo;<\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This section provides a selection of literary, epigraphic, papyrological, and numismatic sources related to citizenship in the Greek world. You can browse texts and documents by category.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1752,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1755","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1755"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1755"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1993,"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1755\/revisions\/1993"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/politeia.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}